COMMUNITY CAPACITY IN DEALING WITH DROUGHT IN INSANA BARAT DISTRICT, NORTH CENTRAL TIMOR, EAST NUSA TENGGARA

: Insana Barat Subdistrict is an area in North Central Timor Regency which is vulnerable to the dry season every year and experiences a water deficit. To reduce the risk of drought, community preparedness needs to be improved through the provision of water to deal with drought. Several efforts have been made by the government and the community to cope with drought, including the construction of dams, distribution of clean water fiber, and the existence of cropping patterns in agriculture. This study aims to determine the capacity of the people of Insana Barat District in dealing with drought. The role of the community becomes very important because in fact the community and local organizations are the key in disaster risk reduction initiatives. The method used in this research is quantitative with a survey in Insana Barat District with 335 respondents spread over each village. Determination of respondents in this study was done randomly. The analysis technique used is scoring and capacity calculation using the asset pentagon on the variables of human assets, social assets, natural assets, physical assets and financial/financial assets. The results showed that the people in Usapinonot Village, Unini Village, Letneo Village, Banae Village, Nifunenas Village, Subun Tualele Village, Subun Bestobe Village belonged to low capacity, Subun Village, Lapeom Village, Atmen Village and South Letneo Village were classified as medium capacity. and Oabikasi Village is included in the high classification.


INTRODUCTION
Climate change and its impact on people's livelihoods is one of the challenges facing human society.The impact of human activities such as settlements, urban development, and excessive use of natural resources on the environment is recognized as increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters (Shen et al., 2009).Natural disasters as a recurring phenomenon in the absence of a declining system can be catastrophic and have devastating effects and consequences (Wang et al., 2020).Drought is one of the natural disasters caused by climate change.Drought is a slow, spatially extensive event that can affect an area for weeks, months, or years (Jenkins et all., 2021) and impact on livelihoods and cause massive economic and ecological damage every year (Elkouk et al., 2022).Livelihood assets are critical for survival and for responding to environmental shocks and decisively building household livelihood resilience across droughtaffected areas.The creation of livelihood assets is recognized as a key strategy for building community immunity to repeated shocks and resulting in improved community livelihoods (Nasrnia & Ashktorab, 2021).
In this study, the community-centred approach is emphasized based on the five components of the sustainable livelihoods approach, namely human, social, natural, physical, and financial capital, which are interdependent, and each can complement other assets.Human capital is an intrinsic and acquired asset of an individual which consists of a person's skills, abilities and abilities (Quandt, 2018).This notion refers to the skills, good health, and ability to work that enable individuals to pursue different life strategies and activities to achieve their life goals (Shen et al., 2009).Economists define the concept of human capital as internal capabilities that are internalized or accumulated over the age range (work).Human capital includes social networks, group membership, reciprocity, and trust.In general, social capital in each group represents the level of trust in each other and solidarity in society.Social capital consists of networks, groups, associations, and relationships, trust, and interactions (Adger et al., 2005).These are the resources and capital that individuals and society can access through certain communications with each other.Social assets are defined as social resources that people use to earn a living.Natural capital consists of access to environmental services and resources (McClanahan et al., 2012).Natural capital is very important for those who make all or part of their livelihoods from natural resource-based activities (Sharafi et al., 2020).This capital involves resources and elements such as land, water, mines, livestock and other natural resources, for example, ownership of agricultural land, forests and grasslands, ownership of water and mineral industry, etc. Natural capital and vulnerability have a close relationship that does a lot of damage shocks to livelihoods such as fires, floods, earthquakes, etc. is a natural process that reduces natural capital (Kollmair & Gamper, 2002).Physical capital refers to access to services and infrastructure, skills, knowledge, education, health, and access to the family workforce (Nasrnia & Ashktorab, 2021).Moreover, it refers to various facilities that largely contribute to the local environment including housing, public places, industry, bridges, dams, ports, and shelters.In addition, it includes vital facilities, such as electricity, water, telephone and gas.Financial capital is defined as financial resources, such as cash, bank accounts, savings, income, investments, credit, current assets, pension rights, benefits, grants, remittances, household property, etc.

METHOD
The approach in this research is quantitative research.Quantitative data were mainly obtained from closed questions in the household survey questionnaire.The research uses simple random sampling method and uses Isaac Michael's technique with a sampling error rate in determining the number of samples, namely at an error rate of 5%, which means the smaller the error rate, the more valid it is.The research population is all villages in Insana Barat District with a total sample of 335 and divided into each village.With simple random sampling, all households in the study area have the same opportunity to be selected as respondents so that the distribution of the questionnaire is not patterned.Analysis using the asset pentagon can be done with the following equation:

3.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Human Capital
Education, local wisdom, and the number of working adults are parameters for assessing human capital (Table 2).Table 3 are the results of the human capital scoring of villages in Insana Barat District.Insana Barat sub-district has low human resources, where the majority of families have an average of one person working.This happens because children in families who are eligible to work are unemployed.Education in this village is not very good because the average population is elementary and junior high school graduates.While high school or college graduates are still limited.Oabikase Village is included in the high classification.Oabikase village has a traditional ritual of "Toit Ulan", the community is believed to be able to bring rain and protect trees that are considered sacred trees and make the area a water recharge area to store water in the village that can be used as a source of clean water for the community during the dry season or rainy season.

Natural Capital
The indicators used in the assessment of natural capital are land ownership and the number of water sources in villages in Insana Barat District.If the community owns land or land, it is very possible that the community will be helped by the economy because they can use the land or land not only for their own production (agriculture) activities but can also be rented out.The available springs in Insana Barat District allow the community to get water directly from the springs.The majority of residents in Insana Barat Subdistrict own land or agricultural land and each village has at least one spring that does not experience drought during the Long dry season which can be used to fulfill the community's clean water (Table 4).The results of the scoring show that all villages in Insana District are included in the High classification.Even though the villages in Insana Sub-district do not have a special disaster management organization, in every village there is a Village Correctional Institution for mutual cooperation and must be followed by the whole community.Communities in villages in Insana Sub-district have relatives and have good relations with residents from neighboring villages who allow them to ask for economic assistance when a drought occurs.

Figure 1 Figure 1 .
Figure 1 Area of the Pentagon

Table 6 Average value of physical capital
Table 8 and table 9 are the average values of indicators and results of Social capital scoring.